What does the 8th Amendment prohibit?

The 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically addresses the rights of individuals in relation to punishment and bail. It prohibits the imposition of excessive bail, ensuring that bail amounts are not set at disproportionately high levels compared to the offense. Additionally, it forbids cruel and unusual punishments, which protects individuals from inhumane treatment or overly harsh penalties that may not fit the severity of the crime. This amendment serves to uphold humane standards in the justice system and is a critical component of safeguarding individual rights during criminal proceedings.

The other options relate to different amendments or rights. For example, the restriction of freedom of speech is covered under the 1st Amendment, unreasonable searches and seizures fall under the 4th Amendment, and the right to trial by jury is guaranteed by the 6th Amendment.